THE TRIGLYCERIDE-GLUCOSE INDEX AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Keywords:
TyG index, type 2 diabetes mellitus, blood glucose control, insulin resistanceAbstract
Objective: To determine the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and evaluate its association with glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 226 patients with T2DM treated at Hospital 199 from August 2024 to April 2025. Patients were divided into two groups: good glycemic control (HbA1c < 7%) and poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%). Laboratory results and clinical information were collected. The TyG index was calculated using the formula: TyG = Ln[(triglyceride × fasting plasma glucose)/2] (mg/dL). Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and MedCalc 12.5. Results: The proportion of patients with good glycemic control was 80.1% (n = 181), and with poor control was 19.9% (n = 45). The mean TyG index was significantly higher in the poor control group (9.9 ± 0.7) compared to the good control group (9.3 ± 0.7), with p < 0.001. The ROC curve for TyG in predicting poor glycemic control showed an AUC of 0.736 (p < 0.001), with an optimal cut-off value of TyG ≥ 9.2. Patients with TyG ≥ 9.2 had a 7.57 times higher risk of poor glycemic control (OR = 7.57; 95% CI: 2.86 - 20.06; p < 0.001). The association between TyG ≥ 9.2 and poor glycemic control remained significant in subgroups stratified by gender, age, BMI, and hypertension status. After adjustment for confounders (gender, age, BMI, and hypertension), a TyG index ≥ 9.2 was independently associated with poor glycemic control (aOR = 7.77; 95% CI: 2.86 - 21.11; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The TyG index is independently associated with glycemic control in patients with T2DM and can be used as a simple marker for screening the risk of poor glycemic control.
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